Vanth
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L ' Archaeology can tell us at least an interesting thing in ages before the foundation of Rome
use was shaped mostly circular or semicircular is widespread among people of Latin
. The use of
these would seem to extend to people having to Italy (Umbria), as shown in the Tables of Gubbio
translation made by Giacomo Devoto
14, which suggests that the word
umbra "ruseme" to mean "grave" and is comparable to the Roman mundus
also on the basis that a form of worship based on a pit seems consistent with the nature goddess of the underworld
Prestota is dedicated to the cult.
Excavations at Satricum, Volscian city of Latium, on the Palatine in Rome, What
(Ansedonia) and Tarquinia confirm the custom was to dig for different purposes, such as
pantry for storing food, for religious purposes, as a rite of the founding of the city. A
Satricum excavations on the rock led to the discovery of traces of a prehistoric village
, dating from the late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age (IX-VIII century BC), formed by
huts mostly oval, with the roof supported by poles and covered with twisted branches and straw
.
At the center of the fortress you see today the ruins of the temple dedicated to the Mater
Matuta, inside the sacred enclosure are the remains of a hut belonging to the settlement
prehistoric larger than the others, believed were have been used in sacred worship, therefore, was incorporated
in the new temple complex. This gives
hut on a pit dug into the floor inside the cabin itself,
the fossil record that were found in use suggest a cult and has
advanced the hypothesis that the pit might be a mundus .
was similar, even large were found on the Palatine in Rome.
In this case, the discovery was particularly exciting because
the discovery of a walled city, dating back to centuries. VIII BC and mail to the roots of the Palatine, led to believe they have found
Romulea the walls of the foundation of the city, reopening the debate on the dating
the foundation of Rome and re-applying strength indicates that the ancient vulgate April 21
year 753 BC as the birth of Rome.
not our job to question the merits of the vast and exciting
the birth of Rome, if not limited to any particular concerning the question of
mundus.
appear persuasive the arguments that Andrea Carandini, an archaeologist who has discovered the
the roots of the Palatine walls, bases its belief that it is the walls of the founding of Rome
:
1. the walls date from the VIII century BC
2. the path is interrupted by a door located in the very place where according to tradition would be
Mugoni the door;
3. the path to walk Palatine just follows the path indicated by Tacitus
15 and 16
Ovid
for the original boundary wall;
4. the walls do not have the character of defensive walls, are in fact low, at the foot of the hill
, while the defense would be more reasonable to put them up as a further reinforcement of the walls
very steep at that point;
5. if not defensive, is likely to have a sacred meaning
, mark a sacred space;
6. human bodies were found buried within the walls. Their presence has sparked new discussions
. Bodies could be buried in graves in a cemetery that the walls
crossed - in this case would be impossible to claim that the walls have a sacred character
- but could be the indicator of human sacrifice, as does the thinking
position of the body of a woman curled up on itself which may have been buried alive
. In this case, the sanctity of the walls is confirmed;
7. within the stone walls have been incorporated in
terminals that probably had first had the task of keeping track of the visible wake up
which would arise due to the walls. The acquisition of these stones at the base of the walls themselves
is interpreted as a synthesis of Latin ritual within a ritual Etruscan;
fact while building the walls of the groove on the track primitive part of the ritual
Etruscan foundation, the worship of the god Terminus, and the respect of the stones is terminal
Latin heritage.
If the walls are really at the base of the Palatine walls of Romulus or better
age of Romulus, crowds have not been tried on the Palatine Hill, on the contrary Cermalo corresponding
SW corner of the Palatine, the traces of the foundation of Romuli city and home.
Excavations archaeologist Paul Brocato
17
the summit of the Palatine certify that the site was inhabited since
sec. IX, in the long period of time between the end of the Bronze Age (900 BC) to the late republic
(century BC) passed through seven different stages of evolution
the earliest phase, which dates back to Lazio IIB-III (900-750 BC Late Bronze Age-Early Iron Age
)
18, and prior to Romulus, belong the remains of a hut proto-urban
found in the SO of the Palatine Hill, once said Cermalus Germalus or, as the etymology of which is connected by
Varrone
19
at the root of germanus, brother, to underline the fatal
significance of this hill for the two brothers the legend.
the cabin is only a small part of the base perimeter of the oval-shaped and the base
of two of the four wooden poles supporting the roof, the floor plan is very similar
to that of a building Lanuvium the same era, but also the huts Satricum, city of
Volsci, they mostly look the same plant with predominantly oval
pitched roof of woven branches covered with straw.
Cermalus front of the hut, at a distance of about four feet,
have found the remains of a circular pit, one meter in diameter and 90 cm depth, which is interpreted as
foundation pit of a settlement pre-urban before the age
Romulea.
In the next phase (750-650 BC) in the space occupied by the first and only hut he found three other
located exactly on the same area.
Two of these new huts are huddled together as if they were part of a bipartite
building, the third is a smaller building itself.
front hut it is a pit large, semicircular,
dug in tufa, initially interpreted as a foundation pit
assumption that the two were the first rude huts huddled shrine dedicated to Mars and Ops
20,
hut while the smallest was interpreted as a house of Romulus
21.
This interpretation has been abandoned in the ditch next to the hut was used as a dwelling
recognized a simple pantry.
Carandini believes that the Cermalus, in front of the place where
arose a few centuries after the Temple of Victory, if you can not locate the grave of the founding of
city, the place that represented the eyes of the Romans: it is of a grave, then
reused for another purpose, which was built an altar
22.
This altar has enjoyed a respect and a consideration such that over the centuries have preserved from the
zoning changes that have profoundly changed several times
the character of the surrounding places.
The intercomparison between data and information provided by archeology provided by the literary sources we
leads to a modest result, but not devoid of meaning: the pit mentioned in the legend
is not an invention but rather the myth of a custom widely spread among the peoples of Latin and, if we
Credit for the translation of Devoto (we have no reason not to give him credit), even among some
Italic peoples, namely the Umbrian towns of Gubbio.
These were all had a circular or semicircular, were of various sizes, sometimes
quite large, and were engaged in a variety of uses.
It is not clear for the layman to do as archaeologists to distinguish a foundation pit
from a ditch used as a pantry, but certainly cases does not depend on the particular content, but
of context.
In fact, unlike what happens in Etruria - Tarquinia for example in a foundation pit was found
lituus a trumpet, teaches the king wishes, an ax and a shield, symbols of imperium
military
23 - in Latin was never found objects
significant symbolic meaning, indeed we might add that have never been found in objects
overall, but only fossils of materials burned, with the exception of the tomb that was then
second Carandini re-used to represent the foundation pit of Rome:
this was found a vase There had been deposed in a time subsequent to the time when
had been dug.
Fossils of burnt materials may move towards the recognition was used to worship
use here, too much back to prehistoric eras of Rome prevailed the custom of sacred objects
not throw away broken or damaged but to burn them and bury in favissa
24
the temple to which they belonged.
Plutarch (Rom. 22) mentions lituus of Romulus, who was also king wishes, but he talks like a
curved branch, not as a trumpet of the kind found in Tarquinia, says he was kept on the Palatine but
does not specify where, so do not necessarily mundus; Plutarch
adds that lituus, unearthed at the time of the fire gallic acid, was found
miraculously intact amid the ashes.
Beyond the legend of the miraculous lituus indestructibility of the founder, if he had made a pit
a curved wooden stick in the form of lituus would be completed as the first fruits and crops
that according to the unanimous testimony of Plutarch and Ovid
were also deposited in the grave of the founding of Rome.
So in the store were laid on the grave of food, ie things
similar to those that can be put in the pantry of a house.
the beginning of last century it was suggested that the mundus was a pantry Cereris
26,
but was soon abandoned, although it is not appropriate to return to this position exceeded
not be out of place to reflect on what it means to be laid in the foundation pit
food commodities, perhaps the lituus, never military weapons or symbols of imperium.
This prohibition extends to the whole consecrated area contained within the limit of Pomer.
The procession proceeded to the triumph of the Via Sacra to the door that led into the heart of the city devoted
but no one could go in there armed, not even the Emperor. However, before
embroidery on the symbolic meaning of the deposit buried in the grave may be useful
Carandini trace with the later stages of the ritual of Trustees in the hope that the overview
help clarify the details.
Magdeleine comments that the mundus for its structure looks like a small
microcosm reproducing in miniature the structure of the macrocosm, there is a vaulted ceiling that recalls
the sky, there in a room dedicated to this cult of Ceres, there is still more underground
a pars inferior dis Manibus consecrated. These three elements combine into a single design
heaven, earth and hell, but he said this summary is very little Roman, because the Romans were unable to archaic age
theological thought.
Perhaps this review is to be reviewed.
There is one last clue to be taken into account: the stone that blocks access to the underground world of the dead is called
lapis Manalis because from there pass Mani. Not all deaths are
Hands, Hands are good by definition, are such because they are the souls of
parenthesis, persons of a family from which we expect protection and benevolence
even after death. The world of the dead is a bit 'less scary when considered from this point of view
, although there is no hurry to get there and it is recommended to avoid hazardous activities
religious days in which more easy to cross the threshold that the pencil Manalis closes
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